Wedge boimen. An Ailee Converte in which the rows of stones are not parallel, but converge toWClrc!s one end (which is generally dosed by one or two standing stones) is best described as ii Wedge Dolmen. Bee-hive huts should be so mimed - not c:ochans. Such structures of small size (5 to 8 feet in diameter) standing on the bank of a pond or river may be Sweat-houses, Jrish Vapour Baths, the predecessors of the European Turkish Bath. Artificial islands in lakes, generally adjoining the residences of the old local Chiefs, and in use down to the fifteenth century, had better be described as Crannog·es, not Lake D1Hllings. They were as a rule too small for permanent dwellings, and were more like}y store houses, and place:s of retreat in time of danger. Stone "Grave Mounds". Conical heaps of stones put together to mark a ·grave are -correctly described as Carns. They have gen· erally an outer ring of retaining stones, or flags partly sunk in the ground. An artificial earth mound is generally called a Tumulus, un·· iess there is a necessity for a distinguishing adjoctive, when it is described as a Long, Round, or Disc-Barrow. Cist-Carns or Cist-Tumuli are Carns or Tumuli. having a boxlike Cist. Chambered Carns o· Chamber':'d Tumuli have a generally pretty large burial chamber. The names M6na;s'ery, Abbey. Priary, and Friary are applied incl isr-riminate1y to all remains of I.he r~sidcnces of. Religious, and seldom correctlj'. The Monta;stery was the residence of the regular Religious Orders, (originally wholly detached from wordly concerns), such as the Benedictines, Cistercians, etc. Those of higher rank governed by an Abbot were called Abbeys. Assaroe is probably rightly called an Abbey. Those r f lower rank governed by a Prior were called Priory. Outlyin5 branch houses, in which a few monks wo:::ked a farm and s2nt its produce to the mother house, were called Granges, and the monk in charge a Granger. A-;- saroe had a number of those :r;. County Donegal. Friary. The Convents of th'~ Mendicant Orders (1) The Franciscans; (2) The Augustinians; (3) The Dominicans; (4) The Carmelites or White F::iar~ shoulrl always be called Friaries. Donegal was a Friary not ·rn Abbey. Names or words in any intelligible script are described as 1uscriptions. Any other marking;;, such as cuo and ring, circl2 marks. L·umpet marks, that havE! not a literary significance may be described as Scribblings. Eve,1 the slightest artificial mark on a stone should be recorded. A BOOK WORTH B-UYINiG Prehi~torlc Ireland b,\' Dr. Joseph Raftec-y- Batsford .Ltd.. London, 16s; p.p. XVI & 228 267 illustatiens. A B.OOK WORTH ORDERING Tht> new edition of ... Dr.. Sean O'Riordain's Antiquities of the Irish Countryside. whir-h will be on sale in the near futu.':e,
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